March&June 2024
Volume 11 | Issue 1&2

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Table of Contents - Year 2024 | Month: March&June | Volume 11 | Issue 1&2

Content Na Category - Contents
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284
Agripreunership Development Striding Towards Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.1 Category - Original Article
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218
  • Abstract
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    • Over 5 million people worldwide have been infected by Covid-19, which has also claimed about 1.3 million lives. In India, the initial wave of the epidemic resulted in the loss of jobs for around 2.3 million individuals across nine sectors. With its defence of the Indian economy against the COVID19 pandemic, Atmanirbhar Bharat. To create India self-sufficient, the Prime Minister announced Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan on May 12, 2020. The importance of agribusiness in moving the nation closer to an Atmanirbhar Bharat. The Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign serves as a springboard for entrepreneurship, innovation, and the creation of a setting that fosters the coexistence of rural and urban areas. The fundamental goal of the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission is to promote domestic goods. The programmes are cantered on supporting a variety of MSMEs, cottage industries, aviation, agriculture, health, and other fields that will increase employment and entrepreneurship in the nation. Our government took a number of actions to help those who aspired to be entrepreneurs after long-ago realizing the value of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship not only produces cash for the owner but also creates jobs for many people in the area and offers goods and services to the public at lower prices and in a more accessible way. The government, acting under the Atmanirbharat Bharat Abhiyaan, takes steps to assist the economy that has been impacted by the Corona Virus outbreak and the country’s ongoing smaller-scale lockdown. The majority of the population in India is directly or indirectly dependent on the agriculture sector for their survival. Only the agriculture sector’s Gross Domestic
    Product (GDP) was rising and stayed positive when compared to other sectors in 2020, even as the COVID-19 pandemic broke out.
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Food Import Refusals in United States of America: A Comparative Study of India and China 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.2 Category - Original Article
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260
  • Abstract
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    • The present study was carried out to assess food import refusals in the United States of America from India and China and compare India and China based on the number of refusals and product refusals from 2002–03 to 2019–20. The results of the study show that the maximum numbers of refusals were recorded during the period of 2010–15 in India, and the highest number of refusals was noticed in the year 2015, i.e., 1698. The numbers of imported food refusals were highest in the year 2011 from China, i.e., 1131. The maximum numbers of food product refusals during the period 2002–20 from India were due to food containing Salmonella bacteria, which is poisonous and injurious to health, and also due to the presence of whole or part of filthy substances in food. Maximum numbers
    of food import refusals from China were noted during the period of 2002–20 due to the presence of whole or part of filthy or decomposed substances in food.
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Assessing Surplus Production Areas for Fruits in Himalayan Kashmir and Sub-Himalayan Jammu 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.3 Category - Original Article
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178
  • Abstract
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    • This study employs a comprehensive analysis to assess the fruit production landscape in the Northwestern Himalayas vis-à-vis Jammu and Kashmir, utilizing data from the Agricultural Department and the Statistical Digest of the region (Anonymous, 2022b). The methodology integrates QGIS mapping and mathematical formulas to determine surplus and deficit areas. Districts are individually mapped based on key fruits, and a combined overview is derived for the entire Union Territory. Color-coded symbology, including violet circles for production levels, green for surplus, and red for deficit, visually represents fruit concentrations on maps. The study reveals pronounced disparities in fruit distribution across Kashmir, with Apple exhibiting the highest surplus in all the 10 districts of Kashmir followed by Walnut except Srinagar which exhibits a deficit scenario in all the fruits. In contrast, the Jammu region predominantly faces deficits in all kinds of fruits. Kashmir, with nine surplus districts except Srinagar, emphasizes the need for strategic interventions, including value addition, storage capacity augmentation, cold-chain technologies, infrastructure investment, and awareness campaigns. The study advocates for transforming surplus vegetables into value-added products and formulating district-specific policies to address post-harvest losses in the fruit supply chain. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance fruit production dynamics, promote sustainability, and optimize resource allocation in
    the Jammu and Kashmir region.
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Germplasm Collection, Characterization and Propagation of Cordiagharaf Forsk.: An Underutilized Multipurpose Tree for Agroforestry in Hot Arid Region 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.4 Category - Research Article
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150
  • Abstract
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    • Cordiagharaf Forsk, (Syn. C. rothii, C. sinensis) also known as ‘Goondi’, is a multipurpose woody perennial species found in hot arid zones. It is well-adapted to soil moisture stress, desiccated winds, and high ambient temperatures. Its ripe fruits are eaten fresh and dried for future consumption, and it is traditionally used as herbal medicine and fodder for browse material. Twelve collections were made across Jaisalmer district, covering diverse habitats. The species generally flowers during March-April and fruiting occurs in May-June. The ripe fruits have a round to ovoid shape and an orange to reddish brown color. Fruit/seed characters were studied at a laboratory and seedlings were raised in polybags for germination and growth study at a nursery in Jaisalmer in 2015. The Badabagh
    collection (CAZJCG-1) and Dangri (CAZJCG-7) collections showed maximum (46%) and minimum (17%) seed germination, respectively. The morpho-metric parameters of the seedlings were also studied, with the Badabagh collection recording the highest shoot length (87.18 cm), collar diameter (8.68 mm), and shoot dry weight (38.36 g) after 120 days of seed sowing. The Badabagh collection also showed high seedling vigour indices. The study revealed that Badabagh collection (CAZJCG-1) performed better with respect to seed germination and seedling growth parameters.
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Economic Analysis and Profitability of Protected Flower Cultivation: A Case Study in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.5 Category - Research Article
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  • Abstract
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    • This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic dynamics and cost-and-returns assessment of five flowers i.e. Carnation, Gypsophila, Lilium, Limonium and Eustoma cultivated under protected conditions in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. A sample of 200 protected flower growers was selected using mixed method sampling technique. The socio-economic analysis revealed that most sampled households had nuclear family structures, with an average size of 5.53 persons. A noteworthy 94.95 per cent of family members were literate, reflecting an average education quality index of 2.08. Agriculture emerged as the primary occupation, engaging 1.52 per cent of the workforce in farming activities. The average area under protected cultivation was 665.74 m2, out of which 630.64 m2 to 885.91 m2 area was under marginal and small farm categories, respectively in the study
    area. The total initial investment on polyhouses was ` 1,67,250. The cost analysis revealed that Limonium had the highest cultivation cost of ` 1552.80/m2, followed by Gypsophila (` 1216.54/m2), Lilium (` 1147.59/m2), Eustoma (` 1140.51/m2) and Carnation (` 291.81/m2). Despite this, Lilium showed the highest gross returns at ` 2925.63/ m2, surpassing all other crops. It also yielded the greatest net returns at ` 1778.03/m2. Carnation, though with lower returns, had the most efficient output-input ratio at ` 2.63, followed closely by Lilium (` 2.55), Eustoma (` 1.91), Gypsophila (` 1.84) and Limonium (` 1.62). These findings underscore the significant potential of protected cultivation in not only enhancing farm profitability but also in uplifting rural livelihoods in the region.
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Digitalization: A Tool for Modern Extension Activity 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.6 Category - Original Article
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129
  • Abstract
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    • By the year 2050, the world population is projected to exceed 9 billion, leading to increased agricultural consumption. Agriculture, as the most promising industry, faces several challenges, including a shortage of labour for farming. However, the integration of advanced technologies such as drones and remote sensing in agriculture offers potential solutions to address these issues. Digital agriculture now takes a comprehensive approach, drawing on knowledge from various fields like information science, environmental science, computer and software engineering, GIS, GPS, remote sensing technology, and virtual satellite imaging to better align soil, climate, and environment with agricultural practices. The decisions of farmers to adopt new technology are influenced by a variety of social and
    economic factors. The complexity of digital agriculture lies in the implementation of sophisticated innovations like smart devices, network infrastructure, technical expertise, and statistical knowledge, distinguishing it from traditional agriculture. The outlook for digital agriculture in India appears promising. The success of digital agriculture in the country will depend on several key factors, including the affordability of technology, ease of access and operation, simple system maintenance, timely grievance resolution, and appropriate policy support. Additionally, robust research and development that addresses ground-level challenges and ensures efficient
    last-mile delivery are necessary to empower Indian farmers through digital agriculture in a meaningful manner.
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Success of a Farmer through Enterprise Diversification 10.30954/2394-8159.01.2024.7 Category - Research Article
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141
  • Abstract
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    • A single enterprise in the farms runs the risk of ruining the fortunes of farmers in case some calamity strucks the fields and results in devastation of crops. The need therefore is to have approaches which ensure a regular income for the farmers even in case of failure of one crop/enterprise. One such approach is to have more than one enterprise or produce more than one product to avoid having your income totally dependent on the production and price of one product. If profit from one product is poor, profit from producing other products may prevent total profit from falling below acceptable levels. The present success story of an innovative farmer from District
    Ramban in Jammu and Kashmir highlights how the farmer doubled his income after enterprise diversification. This also helped him reduce his dependence on external inputs and recycle his farm and animal waste.
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