Polyhouse technology has become a valuable part of the concept of protected cultivation and has a great promise to increase the productivity of crops, enhance the efficiency of resource use, and alleviate the negative impact of abiotic stresses like drought, temperature variations, and unpredictable rainfall. The application of polyhouse technology has not been widely applied in various regions such as North Karnataka because of various limitations although it has proven to be beneficial. Therefore, the current research was carried out to critically examine the barriers to its adoption by farmers. This study was done in the selected districts in North Karnataka using a sample of 80 polyhouse farmers who were selected using a multistage sampling method. Structured interview schedule was used to gather data and limitations were classified under technical, environmental, economic, labour, marketing and miscellaneous. Mean Percent Score (MPS) and ranking were the methods to measure the severity of constraints. The findings indicated that technical reasons were the most common with poor knowledge about polyhouse crop management first (MPS: 89.20). High perishability of produce (MPS: 88.60) was the major reason of environmental constraints. The most serious in general were economic, high capital investment in the polyhouse setup (MPS: 93.40) came first in the list of the constraints. The labour related factors like high wages (MPS: 81.75) and shortage of labour were also important. Lack of assured market and stable pricing (MPS: 78.85) was found to be the greatest constraint in terms of marketing whereas lack of knowledge on processing and value addition (MPS: 91.30) dominated the miscellaneous category. The paper arrives at the conclusion that the key barriers to adoption are the economic and knowledge-based ones. These require to be tackled by means of financial support, capacity building, better infrastructure and better market connectivity so as to help to increase the adoption and sustainability of polyhouse technology in North Karnataka.

Climate change fatally impacts agricultural production. To address this, adopting climate-resilient cropping systems is crucial, and intercropping presents a strong option. Intercropping, which involves growing two or more crops on the same land, offers a sustainable solution to the challenges of climate change and profitability. Its benefits are widely recognized. This study examines intercropping performance, economic viability, and climate resilience. Intercropping also improves soil health, erosion control, and carbon sequestration while increasing resource-use efficiency through complementary water, nutrient, and light utilization. It enhances management of environmental stresses, which is vital amid climate change. Economically, intercropping cuts input costs, especially when legumes contribute biological nitrogen, increases land-use efficiency as shown by higher land equivalent ratios, stabilizes production, and diversifies farm income. It adapts to various agroecological conditions. To promote adoption, the study underscores the need for supportive policy, innovation, and better extension services. Overall, intercropping is an economically viable, sustainable, climate-smart cropping system.

The purpose of this study is to examine consumer perception and willingness to pay for organic food compared to conventional food in Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam districts, Andhra Pradesh. Health consciousness and awareness towards environmental degradation along with socio-economic factors, play an important role in influencing consumer behaviour towards organic foods. Descriptive analytical method was used and primary data was obtained from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was collected from academic sources and government reports. The results indicate that although consumersandrsquo; perception about organic food is very good because of their health and environmental impacts, their behaviour towards these products is relatively poor. Higher price levels, less availability and non-confidence towards certification process were found to be the key factors which are influencing the willingness to pay of the consumers. Income level and purchase frequency were found to be significant factors which affect WTP, whereas other demographic factors had less significance. This study suggests that reducing the prices, making these foods available to the consumers and building confidence towards certification are necessary to improve this market.

The research is on the farmers of the villages of Paralakhemundi, Uppalada, Kasinagar, Nuagada, R. Udayagiri, Gosani, Jeerango, Chandragiri, Tangudi, and Changudi Agraharam that are located in the Gajapati district of Odisha. The majority of these farmers sell their vegetables, fruits, and other crops directly to consumers through roadside selling. They are mostly middle-aged individuals who completely depend on farming for their income. As a result, many have only a primary education and earn less than ` 15,000 a month, which hampers their access to modern or digital marketing. The farmers encounter some major issues, such as poor transport, insufficient storage, and a lack of consumer awareness. All the more, vegetables and fruits spoil relatively quickly due to the absence of cold storage facilities, thus farmers are compelled to lower their prices for selling the produce. Moreover, it was indicated through the study that no support was provided by any government or institutional sources to the farmers adding to their hardships. Nevertheless, consumers have faith in the farmersandrsquo; products due to their being fresh and locally grown. This confidence leads to a great chance of promoting direct farmerconsumer (DFC) marketing. Upgrading roads, constructing cold storage facilities, training, cooperative marketing, and introducing digital selling platforms will not only help these farmers to increase their income but also lead to a sustainable and profitable farming future in the Gajapati district.